Fort Kinarut, Old Brunei Sabah


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In the case of Malaysia she illegally annexed North Borneo Sabah to her territory without the knowledge and consent of the Sultan of Sulu North Borneo Sabah. Malaysia does not own Sabah. She is only paying rental until now. So she must return Sabah to the Sulu Sultanate. In the case of the Philippines, she must return the Sulu Archipelago to the Sultanate of Sulu North Borneo Sabah because she does not own the territory based on the December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris. We have illegally exercising sovereignty over an independent and sovereign state.




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Brunei Sultan’s gift to his Cousin Sultan of Sulu North Borneo Sabah 

North Borneo, or Sabah, was part of the mighty sultanate of Sulu, which, at the height of its power in the 16th century, covered Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Basilan, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Sibugay and Palawan.

Per Idjirani’s paper titled “The Sabah Claim and The Vision of a Community of Peace and Prosperity,” the sultanate acquired North Borneo in 1704, when the Sultan of Brunei ceded the territory to the Sultan of Sulu after the latter helped quell a rebellion instigated by the former’s half-brother.

With the 1878 lease agreement, the British North Borneo Company paid rent in the amount of 5,300 Mexican gold pieces to Sultan Ahlam’s four royal sons until 1936.

Payments suspended

Sultan Jamalul Kiram II (the 32nd Sultan of Sulu) died in 1936, and from that year to 1950, the payments were suspended.

The then British consul in Manila recommended that payments be stopped following then President Manuel L. Quezon’s declaration not to recognize the sultan’s successor.

The situation dragged on until the outbreak of World War II. It was only in 1950 that Sultan Punjungan Kiram, crown prince of the sultanate at the time of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II’s death, went to the British consulate in Manila to demand that payments be resumed.

Mackaskie Judgment of  North Borneo Sabah Court

The heirs of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II also filed a case in the Sessions Court of North Borneo in Sandakan, and the court eventually mandated the British company to resume payments.

In what is now known as the 1939 Mackaskie Judgment, the court also named the nine principal heirs of Sultan Jamalul Kiram II -- Datu Punjungan Kiram, Datu Esmail Kiram, Dayang Dayang Piandao Kiram, Dayang Dayang Sitti Rada Kiram, Princess Tarhata Kiram, Princess Sakinur-In Kiram, Dayang Dayang Putli Jahara Kiram, Dayang Dayang Sitti Mariam Kiram and Mora Napsa.

It likewise declared Punjungan Kiram administrator of the territory.

The British North Borneo Company resumed the payments in 1950 until 1962.

In 1963, when then peninsular Malaya established the Federation of Malaysia that included North Borneo, the rights of the British company were transferred to the government.

The new government of Malaysia thus assumed the annual lease payments, and the currency was changed to 5,300 Malaysian ringgit.

Sabah not for sale

There have been many attempts over the past 40 years to settle the Sabah claim, which boils down to ownership and the interpretation of the 1878 lease agreement.

In 1993, for instance, discussions between President Fidel V. Ramos and Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad led to an agreement to form the Sulu-Sabah Development Foundation, which was to be funded jointly by the two governments.

The foundation, however, was never formally organized.

And then in 1998, the political secretary of the Malaysian Embassy in Manila advised then Crown Prince Esmail Kiram of the desire of the Malaysian government to pay $5 billion to settle the Sabah claim.

Under the proposal, about $2 billion was to be used to develop the Sulu archipelago, and $3 billion was to be distributed to the heirs over a period of time.

But Esmail Kiram rejected the offer, saying it would betray the interests of the sultanate’s constituents. He also reiterated that Sabah was not for sale.

In September 2002, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ordered that the Legislative-Executive Advisory Council on Sabah be reconstituted to again discuss issues related to the claim.

Then in September 2004, the Interim Supreme Royal Ruling Council formed by Sultan Jamalul Kiram III formally requested the United Nations for an immediate resolution of the claim.

Still unresolved

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Royal cousins: Sultan Bolkiah of Brunei and Sultan Fuad of Sulu Sabah  

Meeting of two Sultans makes history

By Julmunir I. Jannaral, Correspondent
 
Darul Jambangan, Sulu: The historical bilateral relations of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo Sabah and the Sultanate of Brunei where based on historical account indicating the two have blood relations would have more chances of being revived as the rulers of the two Sultanates met for the first in Malacanang Palace last week.

Sultan Muhammad Fuad Ab­dulla Kiram 1st, the 35th de jure reigning ruler of the Sultan of Sulu and Sultan of Sabah had personally met His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzadin Waddaulah during a state dinner in honor of the latter hosted by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo and the First Gentleman lawyer Jose Miguel Arroyo held in Malacanang recently.

Aside from the Sultan of Sulu and Sabah, senior officials of the Philippine government and Brunei also attended the state dinner. Among them were Chief Justice Reynato Puno; Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile; House Speaker Prospero Nograles; Armed Forces Chief of Staff General Alexander Yano; business tycoon Lucio Tan; Office on Muslim Affairs Executive Director Datu Ali Sangki; members of the diplomatic corps as well as members of the Senate and the House of Representatives; and cabinet members. Brunei Foreign Minister Pehin Lim Jock Seng who was also among the official entourage of the Sultan of Brunei that attended the exclusive state dinner.

Sultan Fuad Kiram told The Manila Times in an exclusive interview that he was pleased to meet Sultan Bolkiah especially when he shook the hand of the ruler of Brunei, and greeted him the Muslim greetings “Assalamu Alaykum [Peace be with you] your majesty.” He said Sultan Bolkiah responded to him “Alaykum Wassalam [Peace be with you too] your majesty.”

Based on the genealogy, the two Sultans are related by blood as one family because their common ancestor was Brunei Sultan Muham­mad Hassan whose reign was from 1582 to 1598. The genealogy further stated that Sultan Muhammad Hassan had a wife who was a Brunei princess and that the past sultans of Brunei originated and finally descended down to Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah.

On the other hand, Sultan Muhammad Hassan also had another wife who was a princess from Sulu where the past Sultans of Sulu and Sabah North Borneo had also originated, and descended eventually to Sultan Fuad Kiram as the current 35th reigning Sultan of Sulu and Sabah.

The historical account also stated that Palawan and North Borneo Sabah, which is now the timber and oil rich Sabah were gifts by the Sultan of Brunei to the Sultan of Sulu in 1658 after the Sulu Sultan helped the former quell rebellion in Borneo. Thus, Palawan and Sabah became properties of the Sulu crown from 1658 up to this day.

Prior to Spain’s invasion in 1521, the place that is now the Philippines was a Muslim dominion with the Sultan of Brunei ruling Luzon, while the Sultan of Sulu ruled Visayas and Mindanao. In a joint force, the Sultans of Brunei and Sultan of Sulu fought the Spanish invasion together that lasted until 1690.

However, from 1691 up to 1898, the Sultans who ruled the Sultanate of Sulu and Sabah fought the Spaniards single-handedly. Thus, the meeting of Sultan Fuad and Sultan Bolkiah in Malacanang last week was considered as historic among royal cousins, and was indeed a sort of family reunion.

As this developed, according to Prince Omar Kiram, the grand prince and prince marshal of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo Sabah, the official invitation by President Arroyo to Sultan Fuad to attend the exclusive state dinner, where he was formally acknowledged as the “Sultan of Sulu and Sultan of Sabah” was an official recognition of Sultan Fuad as the legitimate ruler of the Sulu Sabah Sultanate.

Message Board for SANDAKAN CITY - KUDAT TOWN - KOTA MARUDU - BELURAN TOWN - KINARUT TOWN
I was in Kuala Belait yesterday, and my brother-in-law who used to be the Chairman of KB/Seria Municipal Council told me that there is a road called Jalan Dakula in Seria. Dakula is the name of Sultan Hakkul Abdul Mubin's son who was raised by the Suluks in the Philippines/Sabah when his expecting mother was captured during the battle at Pulau Cermin. A grown up Datu Dakula came back to Brunei seeking revenge for his father's death.

I was quite intrigued that someone would name two places in Kuala Belait/Seria after historical events that occur with has relationship to Brunei's events in Sabah. Istana Manggalela, the palace in Kuala Belait was also named after another event in Sabah when a Bruneian noble held out against the British using the Manggalela Fort in Beaufort, Sabah.

There is another old Brunei fort in Kinarut Sabah about 10 miles away from Kota Kinabalu. This was the fort that was built by Sultan Hakkul Abdul Mubin when he retreated from Pulau Cermin during the Civil War. From here with the assistance of the local Bajaus and Dusuns he managed to repel attacks from Sultan Muhiyiddin even killing a few of Sultan Muhiyiddin's Cheterias before returning and losing the final battle at Pulau Cermin. The fort is strategically placed on top of a hill with two rivers flowing beside it and a view that can oversee a few small island in the South China Sea. The fort was so good that Sultan Hakkul Abdul Mubin stayed for about 10 years becoming the Sultan in Kinarut where he among others also managed to curtail piracy activities in that area.


According to a research done by the Sabah Museum, the fort used to be walled with steps leading from the fort all the way to the bottom of the hill. It was made out of clay and gravel and the buildings made out of bambbo and other local wood. The hill was also known as Belud Kota and is situated facing the town of Kinarut.

Kinarut itself is an old town used by the Brunei Sultanate. Some said that the name of the town was derived when Chinese traders used to sell coal along the streets and the street was called China Road and over time becomes Kinarut. Though this is very unlikely as when Sultan Hakkul Abdul Mubin came to Kinarut was in the late 17th century. But what is very likely that the name Kinarut must have been derived because of ealry Chinese connections similar to Kinabalu and Kinabatangan.

The fort was said to have lasted until the early 20th century
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